The DYS19 (also known as DYS394) STR marker is one of the slower-changing markers. For example, yhrd.org research consensus estimates that the mutation rate of this marker is about 0.0022 (updated 2023); whereas, McGee's Y-Utility 111 offers the choice of 0.00145 (MacDonald) or 0.00399 (FTDNA derived) for DYS19. McGee's Y-DNA Mutation Rates for many common markers are posted at those latter two links.
Very few tested persons exhibit the low DYS19 marker value of 9 or less. Most people are in the range of 13 to 17. In the E1b1b1 haplogroup, 13 or 14 seems dominant. Some mid-Eastern individuals are 11. At least two persons, father and son, have recently tested at DYS19=10.
Several studies of allele distributions, including DYS19, exist on the web:
Not currently displayed in these pages are data only recently discovered online (July 2020, after repeated web searches).
A 1999 paper titled "Y-chromosome specific YCAII, DYS19 and YAP polymorphisms in human populations: a comparative study"
contains, on page 6, a chart – "Y-chromosome_specific_DYS19_polymorphisms_in_human_populations"
indicating that the authors apparently identified 16 Ethiopians having DYS19 = 8, along with 1 Greek and 1 Tunisian.
Yhrd.org has a graph of population distributions (updated as of 2023, data population of 9-STR locus haplotypes was about 343,932 in 2021). The active webpage offers several graphing parameter choices.
![allele_distribution](pix/Locus_Information_on_DYS19.jpg)
Resorting to the "WaybackMachine", we find an ethnic breakdown (from 2002 ystr.org data, total population about 10,000):
![allele_frequencies](pix/FUS+E11.jpg)
As of June 2020, that source site contains DNA Basics for Genetic Genealogy.
Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation (www.smgf.org is no longer on the web) had the following information:
![allele_frequencies](pix/SMGF_DYS19.jpg)
Genebase.org had the difficult-to-find-again link "www.genebase.com/in/dnaMarkerDetail.php", showing the following, with no background information. The instance of 6 is rather dubious. This company apparently does not share data.
![allele_frequencies](pix/DYS19_at_genebase.jpg)
![allele_frequencies](pix/DYS19_at_genebase.com.jpg)
Data in the familytreedna.com E-M35 project, (4172 members as of September 2018) all having E-M35 and subset haplotypes, is shown below. As of June 2022, just 9 of the 20 in the DYS19<=9 Project with DYS19<=9 are currently included in that E-M35 project.
![allele_frequencies](pix/DYS19_Histogram_in_E-M35.jpg)
A click on the figure will go to the current E-M35 database at familytreedna.com.
Published data for DYS19<=9 has been gathered here for ease of analysis.
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